Military Downsizing

Running Head: WHAT OPTIONS MIGHT THE PENTAGON CONSIDER What Options Might the Pentagon Consider When Discussing the Downsizing of the Services just as Change Overseas Basing Richard Giadone Columbia Southern University MBA 5652 Research Methods Running Head: WHAT OPTIONS MIGHT THE PENTAGON CONSIDER Permanently positioning powers abroad gives the U. S. military a vital advantageâ€but at a cost. That cost is paid as far as budgetary expense as well as far as the work force, units, and gear expected to help powers positioned outside the United States. We will think about the U. S. powers positioned in Europe and East Asia against the financial and work force cost of keeping them there. Forward Based Versus Forward Deployed Forces The U. S. powers can be kept up abroad on either transitory or a lasting premise. Units or work force that are in an outside nation consistently are supposed to be forward based or forward positioned. Conversely, units and their related faculty that are in a remote nation temporarily, ordinarily a half year or a year, while participating in activities or tasks are supposed to be forward sent. A case of such powers is those now sent in Afghanistan for Operation Enduring Freedom. ) Although the qualification may have all the earmarks of being negligible, it has significant ramifications for military powers and staff. Forward Based Units that are forever based outside the United States stay set up while people doled out to the units go back and forth. For instance, the second Infantry Division (second ID) ha s been positioned in South Korea since the 1950s, because of the Korean War cease-fire. While the division, with its home office and subordinate units, stay set up, somewhere in the range of 13,000 Army fighters turn through it on one-year unaccompanied visits. The administrations are presently permitting families to go with administration individuals to Korea for two Running Head: WHAT OPTIONS MIGHT THE PENTAGON CONSIDER year visits. Korea has a 8% staff turnover every month. Furthermore, 20% of all Soldiers on task to Korea never appear. In different areas, for example, Germany, U. S. military staff serve multi year visits with units positioned there and can carry their families with them. With the assistance of partners, the United States has developed huge frameworks abroad to help forward positioned units, doled out staff, and their families. Practically all abroad bases that for all time house enormous quantities of U. S. administration individuals remember the entirety of the enhancements of bases for the United States, for example, grocery stores, sanctuaries, practice offices, and post workplaces. Furthermore, in places where families may go with administration individuals, the Department of Defense (DoD) has set up schools for military wards. In Germany alone, DoD runs 70 schools for in excess of 30,000 youngsters who are wards of U. S. military work force and DoD regular citizens. Another part of forward based units is that work force presenting with them are considered on lasting task rather than transitory obligation and along these lines experience a â€Å"permanent change of station† (PCS) when they move from a task in the United States to a task abroad. In a PCS move, administration individuals can bring their family unit merchandise (counting vehicles) at the administration's (taxpayer’s) cost, whether or not they are joined by relatives. The way that work force are alloted to, and move all through forward put together units with respect to an individual premise makes nonstop turnover in those units. With the three-year visits regular in Germany, 33% of the people in a specific unit will turn over each Running Head: WHAT OPTIONS MIGHT THE PENTAGON CONSIDER year and the whole populace will turn over in three years. Besides, when people total a visit with a forward-based unit, they are commonly doled out to an alternate unit in the United States than the one they served in before going abroad. Forward Deployed Units Forward sent powers, for example, those now in Afghanistan or Kosovo, are abroad on a brief premise as it were. The United States doesn't foresee having powers positioned in Iraq or Afghanistan for the following 50 years, as it has done in Germany. Or maybe, it foresees that once Afghanistan is secure, U. S. troops will be pulled back and not supplanted. As an outcome, the United States has no designs to construct expound bases to house U. S. powers in Afghanistan. In like manner, generally, military faculty are not alloted to obligation in Afghanistan a similar way they are to obligation in South Korea or Germany. On the off chance that a unit situated in the United States, for example, the 25th Infantry Division, is alloted to obligation in Afghanistan for nine months to a year, the entirety of the work force related with the division who are qualified will convey to Afghanistan for the length of the visit. Nor warriors' very own effects (barring some individual things) nor their families will go with them. Besides, however much as could be expected, the entirety of the people doled out to the unit will convey and remain with it for the whole time frame and come back to the command post together. Those sent powers are frequently remembered for counts of U. S. powers abroad, yet in reality they are authoritatively viewed as abroad on a transitory premise, despite the fact that a few tasks upheld by rotational organizations have proceeded for a considerable length of time  Running Head: WHAT OPTIONS MIGHT THE PENTAGON CONSIDER U. S. Powers Based in Europe The United States has around 100,000 military work force forward situated in Europe. The heft of them are positioned in Germany, where the United States has kept up powers since the finish of World War II, initially as an occupation power and later as a major aspect of NATO's protection during the Cold War. In spite of the fact that the size of U. S. powers in Europe declined by 66% after the tearing down of the Berlin Wall, the need to keep up the current levels is being addressed by some barrier experts and Administration authorities. Armed force Forces The Army represents around 60 percent of deployment ready U. S. staff positioned in Europe. In spite of huge cuts in those work force after the unification of Germany and the disintegration of the Soviet Union during the 1990s, the Army keeps on basing two of its 10 divisions and one of its four corps in Europe. In this way, a huge part of the Army's battle power is positioned on that landmass, basically in Germany. By the by, the Army's battle units (divisions and detachments) represent not exactly 50% of the administration's deployment ready staff in Europe. The first Armored Division and the first Infantry Division (motorized) has just two of its three battle units and around 12,500 of its all out 16,000 faculty situated in Germany. The Army's other battle unit in Europeâ€the 173rd Airborne Brigade, situated in Vicenza, Italyâ€has around 1,000 work force doled out to it. Subsequently, the Army's changeless deployment ready battle powers in Europe aggregate around 26,000 individuals. Running Head: WHAT OPTIONS MIGHT THE PENTAGON CONSIDER Another 27,000 or so well-trained staff are allocated to what the Army calls battle support (CS) units, for example, ordnance, and battle administration support (CSS) units, for example, transportation. CS and CSS units give different sorts of help to battle detachments and divisions. The other 7,000 or so deployment ready Army work force situated in Europe are doled out to what exactly could be named managerial units, for example, clinical offices, NATO central command in Brussels, and contracting organizations. Taking all things together, around 43 percent of Army powers in Europe are appointed to battle units, 45 percent to help units, and 12 percent to regulatory obligations. (The breakdown for Army powers in Germany is comparable: 45 percent battle, 45 percent backing, and 10 percent managerial. ) Army Bases The Army keeps up a broad system of bases in Europe, enveloping very nearly 300 establishments. Like its faculty, most by far of the Army's abroad foundation (255 establishments) is in Germany. The biggest and probably the most costly Army bases in Europe are at Grafenwoehr and Hohenfels, Germany. Those two preparing facilitiesâ€which give ranges and space where Army units can rehearse strategies and maneuversâ€cover 52,000 sections of land and 40,000 sections of land, separately, and have a consolidated substitution estimation of more than $1. 5 billion. (6) The Army likewise keeps up 33 sleeping shelter for unaccompanied fighters and 36 â€Å"villages† for family lodging in Germany, which have a substitution estimation of generally $14 billion. Other Army establishments in Germany incorporate five emergency clinics, five inns, 15 littler preparing regions, nine landing strips, four Running Head: WHAT OPTIONS MIGHT THE PENTAGON CONSIDER stations, three greens, a Boy Scout camp, and a Girl Scout camp. That foundation is intended to improve fighters' assurance and, somewhat, duplicate the offices and accommodations that would be found around numerous Army bases in the United States. Aviation based armed forces, Navy, and Marine Corps Forces and Bases The other three administrations have less powers positioned in Europe than the Army does. Also, they have not focused their powers and bases on that landmass in Germany to the degree that the Army has. The Air Force keeps up the second biggest nearness in Europe after the Army, with 34,000 deployment ready staff and 201 establishments in 12 nations. The biggest unexpected (15,000 well-trained staff) is situated in Germany, yet the Air Force additionally has generally enormous quantities of individuals in the United Kingdom (10,000) and Italy (4,000). The administration's significant battle units are disseminated also, with Germany, the United Kingdom, and Italy each facilitating one warrior wing. The best quantities of Air Force establishments in Europe are situated in Germany. The base at Ramstein, Germany, is the primary air center for U. S. powers from all administrations traveling to or from different pieces of the world, including the United States and the Middle East. The Air Force al

John Updike`s A&P Essay Example for Free

John Updike's AP Essay â€Å"A P† is first-individual account uncovering the deceptively customary story related by the checkout kid in the market named in the title. In â€Å"A P† the principal individual storyteller is characterized to a great extent by his tone and jargon. Updike forms his hero using explicit composing style, along these lines Sammy is easygoing and informal. The clients in his basic food item are alluded to as â€Å"the sheep† the ordinariness of which has been one day upset by the presence of an explicitly uninhibited, youngsters in swimming outfits. Reviewing the three young ladies as they meander the paths, Sammy depicts the young ladies, and here Updike’s style is productively inebriated with the portrayal of the young ladies with the trips of slang language, attempting to show why these adolescents merit the penance: thick with â€Å"a sweet expansive delicate looking can†, bosoms, then again, become â€Å"two smooth scoops of vanilla†, the shoulder bones become â€Å"dented sheet of metal tilted in the light†. Also, Sammy’s portrayal is grease with the talk markers that make his progression of portrayal gentler and folksy: â€Å"kind of jerk†; â€Å"she sort of drove them†; â€Å"she had kind of oaky hair† The casual style is communicated in the jargon of the hero as well as in the abused sentence structures. Updikes uniqueness lies in his procedure of separation. Coming in descriptive word or verb modifier modifiers instead of fundamental sentence components, the unexpected stance rises without influencing plot: â€Å"and a tall one, with dark hair that hadnt very frizzed right, and one of these burns from the sun directly across under the eyes, and a jaw that was too longyou know, the sort of young lady different young ladies believe is very â€Å"striking† and â€Å"attractive† yet never entirely makes it, as they probably am aware, which is the reason they like her so much† Not uncommon are likewise broken structures like: â€Å"She had on a sort of grimy pinkbeige perhaps, I dont knowbathing suit†, or â€Å"The sheep pushing their trucks down the aislethe young ladies were strolling against the standard traffic (not that we have single direction signs or anything)were quite humorous. † The story is introduced through the current state portrayal. Such decision of language structure method bestows portrayal the feeling of instantaneousness, makes it an annal of one occasion, with the goal that peruser feels as though he himself is an observer of that occasion. â€Å"IN WALKS these three young ladies in only washing suits†, â€Å"The young ladies, and whod accuse them, are in a rush to get out, †, â€Å"Lengel murmurs and starts to look extremely patient and old and dim. † Updikes striking descriptive words show up frequently: â€Å"kind of grimy pinkbeige maybe†, â€Å"chubby berry-face†, â€Å"long white diva legs†, â€Å"the feline and-pooch food-breakfastcereal-macaroni-rice-raisins-seasonings-spreadsspaghetti-sodas wafers and-treats aisle†; Their rudeness increments what's more abstract incongruity, they produce an uncertainty of purpose or author’s mentality (consequently word usage) in his story, which is coordinated to some degree by sudden similitudes or visual correlations, as â€Å"two smoothest scoops of vanilla†, â€Å"outside the daylight is skating around on the black-top outside the daylight is skating around on the asphalt†, â€Å"his back [was] solid, as though hed simply had an infusion of iron†. These figures, albeit fitting practically to the content, regularly point out themselves and piece out Updike’s style. Updike, John (1962) Pigeon Feathers, and Other Stories. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.

How the Photosynthetic Process Works in Trees

How the Photosynthetic Process Works in Trees Photosynthesis is a significant procedure that licenses plants, including trees, to utilize their leaves to trap the suns vitality as sugar. The leaves at that point store the subsequent sugar in cells as glucose for both prompt and laterâ tree development. Photosynthesis speaks to a perfectly magnificent concoction process in which six particles of water from roots consolidate with six atoms of carbon dioxide from the air and makes one particle of natural sugar. Of equivalent significance is the side-effect of this procedure photosynthesis is the thing that produces oxygen. There would be no life on earth as we probably am aware it without the photosynthetic process.â The Photosynthetic Process in Trees The term photosynthesis implies assembling with light. It is an assembling procedure that occurs inside cells of plants and inside little bodies called chloroplasts. These plastids are situated in the cytoplasm of leaves and they contains the green shading matter called chlorophyll. At the point when photosynthesis happens, water that has been consumed by the trees attaches is conveyed to leaves where it interacts with the layers of chlorophyll. Simultaneously, air, containing carbon dioxide, is taken into leaves by means of leaf pores and presented to daylight, bringing about a significant compound response. Water is separated into its oxygen and nitrogen components, and it joins with carbon dioxide in the chlorophyll to frame sugar. This oxygen discharged by trees and different plants turns into a piece of the air we breath, while the glucose is conveyed to different pieces of the plant as sustenance. This fundamental procedure is what will think about 95 percent of the mass in a tree, and photosynthesis by trees and different plants is the thing that contributes almost all the oxygen noticeable all around we breathe.â Here is theâ chemical condition for the procedure of photosynthesis: 6 particles of carbon dioxide 6 atoms of water light â†' glucose oxygen The Importance of Photosynthesis Numerous procedures happen in a tree leaf, however none more significant than photosynthesis and the subsequent nourishment it makes and the oxygen itâ produces as a result. Through the enchantment of green plants, the brilliant vitality of the sun is caught in a leafs structure and made accessible to every living thing. With the exception of a couple of sorts of microorganisms, photosynthesis is the main procedure on earth by which natural mixes are built from inorganic substances, coming about in put away energy.â About 80 percent of the earths complete photosynthesis is delivered in the sea. Its assessed that 50 to 80 percent of the universes oxygen is created by sea vegetation, however the basic residual bit is produced by earthbound vegetation, specific the earths forests  So the weight is continually on the earthbound plant world to keep up the pace. The loss of the universes woods has broad outcomes as far as the trading off the level of oxygen in the earths air. What's more, on the grounds that the procedure of photosynthesis devours carbon dioxide, trees, and other vegetation, are a methods by which the earth cleans out carbon dioxide and replaces it with unadulterated oxygen. It is very basic for urban areas to keep up a sound urban backwoods so as to keep up great air quality.â Photosynthesis and The History of Oxygen Oxygen has not generally been available on earth. The earth itself is evaluated to be aroundâ 4.6â billion years old, yet researchers considering geologic proof accept that oxygen previously showed up about 2.7 billion years prior, when minute cyanobacteria, also called blue green growth, built up the capacity to photosynthesize daylight into sugars and oxygen. It took around a billion additional years for enough oxygen to gather in the climate to help early types of earthly life.â It is indistinct exactly what happened 2.7 billion years back to cause cynobacteria to build up the procedure that makes life on earth conceivable. It stays one of sciences most charming puzzles.

Discussing a Best Practise when reviewing a case study - 1100 Words

Discussing a Best Practise when reviewing a case study (Essay Sample) Content: Discussing a "Best Practice" when reviewing a case study (Author’s name) (Institution Affiliation) (Course Name) (Date) Discussing a "Best Practice" when reviewing a case study Steps of Case Study Analysis It is considered coherent to use a structured control strategy in examining a case study since that makes the entire process easier and increases learning benefits. It is impromptu to read the situation thoroughly in order to understand the context of occurring situation. As such, the situation needs to be studied effectively & efficiently (Chrissis et al, 2003). For instance, a market researcher is advised to study rather quickly the first time to get an introduction to the market, the company, the people, and the situation. Defining the problem is essential for a case analysis. Many cases will include several problems or problems. Recognize the most essential problems and segregate them from the simpler problems. After determining what seems to be a major problem, analyze related problems in the running areas (for example, marketing, finance, employees). Efficient area problems may help you identify deep-rooted problems that are the liability of top control (Runeson, 2009). Company’s objectives should always be at the forefront of operation and risk assessment officers. Variance between a company's objectives and its efficiency may further emphasize the problems. At the very least, determining the company's objectives will provide information for accessing and managing current & future problems. Identify the restrictions to the problem according to Teagarden et al, (1995). The restrictions may restrict the solutions available to the company. Common restrictions include restricted financial situation, deficiency of additional manufacturing potential, employees’ restrictions, powerful opponents, connections with providers and customers, and so on. Constraints have to be regarded when indicating a remedy. Identify all the appropriate solutions. The list should all the appropriate solutions that could fix the problems that have been recognized. Use creativeness in coming up with substitute solutions. Even when solutions are recommended in the situation, you may be able to recommend better solutions (Schiffauerova, 2006). Select the best substitute. Assess each substitute in light of the available information. If you have properly taken the continuing five steps, the answer to the situation should be obvious. Stay away to leap to this phase early in the situation research. You will probably skip essential information, misunderstand the problem, or skip what may be the best substitute remedy. You will also need to describe the reasoning you used to choose one substitute and decline the others. Develop an execution strategy. The ultimate phase in the research is to create a strategy for effective execution of your choice. Absence of an execution strategy even for a very excellent choice can lead to catastrophe for a company and researcher (Sarwar, 2000). Determine and Define the Research Questions The first step in analysis studies is to establish a firm concentrate or rather specializes in which brand of product (Darke, 1998). The researcher determines the main points of the analysis by forming concerns about the situation or issue to be analyzed and determining an objective for the analysis. The analysis process is often a program, an entity, a person, or a people (Bellg, 2005). Each item is likely to be delicately connected to political, social, historical, and personal issues, providing far reaching possibilities for concerns and adding complexity to the analysis. The researcher looks into the item of the analysis in depth using a variety of data gathering techniques to produce proof that results in understanding of the situation and solutions the analysis concerns. Case analysis research analysis questions are known to begin with certain words like how, when, which or why (Bapuji, 2004). The concerns are targeted to a small number of events or conditions and their inter-relationships (Noe, 2002). To assist in targeting and developing the concerns, researchers conduct a literary works evaluation. This evaluation determines what analysis has been previously performed and results in refined, informative concerns about the issue (Christmann, 2000). Careful meaning of the concerns at the start pinpoints where to look for proof and helps determine the techniques of analysis to be used in the analysis. The literary works evaluation, meaning of the objective of the analysis, and early determination of the potential audience for the final report guide how the analysis will be designed, performed, and publicly reported (Groves, 2007). Select the Cases and Determine Data Gathering and Analysis Techniques During the design phase of research, the researcher decides what techniques to use in choosing individual or several real-life situations to analyze in d epth and which instruments and information collecting techniques to use (Alavi, 2001). When using several techniques, each technique is treated as only one hypothesis. Each situation conclusions can then be used as information contributing to the whole research, but each technique remains only as a formulated question. Exemplary situation studies properly choose situations and analyze properly the choices available from among many research resources available in order to increase the validity of the research. Careful discrimination at the point of selection also helps erect boundaries around the situation (Yildiz, 2007). The researcher must determine whether to research situations which are unique in some way or situations which are considered typical and may also choose situations to represent a wide range of geographic regions, a wide range of size factors, or other factors (Bhutta et al, 1999). A useful step in the process is to repeatedly refer back to the objective of the resea rch in order to focus attention on where to look for situations and proof that will satisfy the objective of the research and response the research concerns posed (Guest, 1997). Selecting several or individual situations is a key element, but a research can include more than one unit of embedded research. For example, a research may involve research of only one market and a firm participating in that market. This type of research includes two levels of research and increases the complexity and amount of information to be collected and analyzed. A key strength of the research method includes using several sources and techniques in the information collecting process. The researcher decides in advance what proof to gather and what research techniques to use with the information to response the research concerns. Data collected is normally largely qualitative, but it may also be quantitative (Hinkin, 1995). Tools to collect information can include surveys, interviews, documentation revi ew, observation, and even the collection of physical artifacts. Bibliography Alavi, Maryam, and Dorothy E. Leidner. "Review: Knowledge management and knowledge management systems: Conceptual foundations and resea...

The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald - 1338 Words

As the Roaring Twenties emerge nationwide, a new sense of optimism and hopefulness begin to develop throughout all walks of life. Society is rapidly changing, and the 20’s create a time in which one believes they can create a new beginning and achieve their grand ambitions and aspirations. It was an era of liberation and many took advantage of the time to branch out and find themselves in a society that usually rejected change. Women often resisted against the social norm and eliminated their long held beliefs about proper roles for their gender. They began to embrace their sexuality by defying conventional attire and discarding the standard of how women should act in public. They began by cutting their hair into a short bob, wearing†¦show more content†¦In the beginning of the novel, Daisy is portrayed as a well-liked character embodying purity in an otherwise corrupt and malicious environment. She is first illustrated and introduced to be on â€Å"†¦an enormou s couch†¦buoyed up as though upon an anchored balloon, [dressed] in white. [Her dress] was rippling and fluttering as if [she] had just been blown back in, after a short flight around the house† (Fitzgerald 8). This image of her looking so peacefully relaxed in East Egg New York, in a red and white Gregorian Colonial Mansion that overlooks the bay, paints Daisy in a beautiful scenario. It makes her appear as an angel like figure embellishing that she represents all that is good in a corrupt society. Relating Daisy to innocence is a deception of what she truly symbolizes and craves. Daisy constantly wears white to mask the fact that wealth is an essential part of her life that she wishes would grow. Daisy has an ongoing extreme attachment to materialistic goods clearly shown when â€Å"[Gatsby] took out a pile of shirts and began throwing them one by one†¦shirts of sheer linen and thick silk and fine flannel lost their folds as they fell and covered the table. Daisy bent her head into the shirts and began to cry stormily† (92). She regrets not canceling the wedding between her and Tom because she sees how wealthy Gatsby is

The Civil Rights Act Of 1964 - 1106 Words

â€Å"After the end of Reconstruction in 1877, southern states and local communities began to enact laws known as segregation or Jim Crow laws. These measures separated the races in public accommodations. Rather than passing one sweeping law, local and state legislators in the South passed a series of laws between 1881 and 1910 that required separate accommodations for blacks and whites in public spaces. These laws were indicative of the hardening of the philosophy of white supremacy throughout the South during this time.†(Cassanello). The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was the most influential event in the Civil Rights Movement because it paved way for ending discrimination and segregation, and giving more rights to African- Americans. During the Civil Rights Movement African- Americans were fighting to get their rights that were being taken away from them little by little. Starting in 1955 and going well into the late 1960’s early 1970’s, African- Americans started to protest against discriminatory laws and acts such as Jim Crow Laws and various requirements to vote. They did this because they wanted to be treated as equals and not to be judged because of their race(Mayer). Enacted on July 2, 1964, the Civil Rights Act provided many of the rights and freedoms African- Americans should of had after the 14th, 15th, and 16th amendments were passed(Finkelman). The Act abolished legal discrimination against people based off of color and/or race and segregation in public vicinitiesShow MoreRelatedCivil Rights Act of 19641840 Words   |  8 PagesBefore the Civil Rights Act of 1964, segregation in the United States was commonly practiced in many of the Southern and Border States. This segregation while supposed to be separate but equal, was hardly that. Blacks in the South were discriminated against repeatedly while laws did nothing to protect their individual rights. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 ridded the nation of this legal segregation and cleared a path towards equality and integration. The passage of this Act, while forever alteringRead More Civil Rights Act of 1964 Essay1338 Words   |  6 Pages The Civil Rights Act of 1964 resulted from one of t he most controversial House and Senate debates in history. It was also the biggest piece of civil rights legislation ever passed. The bill actually evolved from previous civil rights bills in the late 1950’s and early 1960’s. The bill passed through both houses finally on July 2, 1964 and was signed into law at 6:55 P.M. EST by President Lyndon Johnson. The act was originally drawn up in 1962 under President Kennedy before his assassinationRead MoreEssay on Civil Rights Act of 19646131 Words   |  25 PagesThe Civil Rights Act of 1964 Danielle Endler Human Resources 4050, Spring 2013 Semester Professor David Penkrot May 3, 2013 The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is considered by some to be one of the most important laws in American history. (The Most Important Cases, Speeches, Laws Documents in American History) This Act was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson on July 2, 1964 and it is a â€Å"comprehensive federal statute aimed at reducing discrimination in public accommodations and employmentRead MoreThe Civil Rights Act Of 1964879 Words   |  4 PagesPresident John F. Kennedy s New Frontier programs, Johnson wanted to expand civil rights and wage war on poverty. More than fifty years later, the effects of the Great Society on American life can still be felt. Civil rights fell under the scope of Johnson s Great Society programs. Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964, a law that ended discrimination in the US at all levels of government. Without the Civil Rights Act of 1964, blacks and other people of color would not have the opportunity to runRead MoreThe Civil Rights Act Of 1964925 Words   |  4 PagesAmericans and even immigrants are afforded their basic civil rights based on the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The act, which was signed into law on July 2, 1964, declared all discrimination for any reason based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin will be deemed illegal in the United States (National Park Service, n.d.). When the act was enacted, people had to become more open minded; more accepting to the various cultures and backgrounds of individuals. Understanding that concept leadsRead MoreThe Civil Rights Act Of 1964848 Words   |  4 PagesVII, Civil Rights Act of 1964, followed by a brief description of person al experiences involving discrimination, and concluding with a reflection as to how the American workforce is protected by law. The writing will cover any ethically related issues, personal thoughts and ideas, and illustrations of how the law pertains directly to personal events, as well as provide direct links to any and all reference material covered under the purpose of this writing. Title VII, Civil Rights Act of 1964 TheRead MoreThe Civil Rights Act Of 19641702 Words   |  7 Pagessubject to, and the subject of, discrimination. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 originally did not include gender in the bill’s wording. Were it not for a backhanded comment made in jest by a backward congressman, women would not have been afforded equal rights protection in employment (Freeman, 1991; 2004). President Harry Truman inaugurated the legal Civil Rights Movement. Though people of color had long been yearning and fighting for their rights, President Truman began this legal process nationallyRead MoreThe Civil Rights Act Of 1964880 Words   |  4 Pagesbetween conflicting viewpoints are still being faced by Americans today. (Tiona/Claire) Equality for African Americans has made remarkable progress since the approval of the Civil Rights Act, but discrimination continues. A significant step towards racial equality was the Civil Rights Act of 1964, proposed by John F. Kennedy. This act brought an end to segregation in public facilities such as buses, restaurants, hotels, and places of entertainment. It also banned employment discrimination on the termsRead MoreThe Civil Right Act Of 19641072 Words   |  5 PagesTitle VII of the Civil Right Act of 1964, and both under the Disparate Treatment and Disparate Impact. Dunlap feels that he has been discriminated during the interview process. The district court concluded that TVAs subjective hiring process permitted racial bias against the plaintiff and other black job applicants. Tennessee Valley Authorities was found guilty of discrimination against the plaintiff. The Title Vii of the Civil Right Act of 1964 enforces the constitutional right to vote, to conferRead MoreThe Civil Rights Act Of 19641659 Words   |  7 Pagestask of passing the Civil Rights Act of 1964, officially outlawing discrimination on the basis of origin, gender, race or religion. Discrimination was an issue that not only permeated educational, governmental, occupational and recreational institutions, but also affected the way in which the Bill of Rights was applied to certain groups of people. Though much of the focus of the movement focused on race, women were still fighting to be seen as equal to men. The Civil Rights Act was passed by Congress

Of Mice and Men Essay Summary Example For Students

Of Mice and Men Essay Summary Of Mice and Men By: John Stienbeck In the beginning of the story, two men named George Milton and Lennie Small are trying to make their way to a small ranch in Salinas Valley, California. George is the leader of their two-man tribe, despite Lennies intimidating size. George is filled with Determination and confidence while Lennie is a simple man with a big heart. Up north, they had recently been run out of a town called Weed on account of Lennie. First of all, Lennie is not very smart, and becomes frightened and confused easily. Also, he enjoys petting animals and feeling things that grab his attention. One night in Weed, Lennie and George had gone to a pool hall. Lennie saw a girl wearing a bright red dress. He grabbed on to the sleeve of her dress. The girl became scared and screamed; this frightened Lennie. Lennie, who, as an innocent person, has no bigotry in him, visits Crooks one night when everyone else is in town. Even thought Crooks does not show it, he enjoys Lennie s company, and it seems that he and Lennie form a small friendship that would had developed more has the book been longer. Another soul not included with the ranch clique, Curley s wife, whose name is not mentioned in the book, is new to the ranch as well. She married Curley just weeks before Lennie and George arrived. The ranch hands do not accept this lonely soul into their social group because she is new. However, the ranch hands also do not accept Curley s wife because she obviously is so lonely that the only way she can get attention is by flirting. The only one who does not dismiss her when she flirts is Lennie who is obviously trying to make a friend with another lonely person. These lonely individuals make this novel into a very sad story of real life situations of when people really do not fit in. The idea of obtaining a little farm with animals and crops raised by George and Lennie, and later joined by Candy, an old man, shows how dreams may cause a man to do anything to fulfill that dream. Lennie is the most enthusiastic and determined to gain the small farm and the all-important things — the rabbits. Lennie repeatedly states that he wants to take care of the rabbits. One reason that Lennie wants the rabbits is because he loves soft things, but he also wants to prove George that he will not mess up by forgetting to feed them. George is halfhearted about the idea, but fakes his enthusiasm just to satisfy Lennie. To get away from his nomadic way of life, George supports the farm idea. From his intimations given in the book, George ultimately is searching for a wife and to settle down and start a family. The only way he thinks he can do that is via a small farm. Candy, an older man, wants the farm as a nice place to await his coming death. Candy offers his life savings towards the purchasing of the farm. Since he had a lot of money saved up, the story suggests that Candy has been waiting for an opportunity like this for a long time. Everyone has his or her perfect dream, whether it is a house on the countryside, or a mansion in Beverly Hills. Many of the characters epitomize friendship in each of their different pairs or groups of friends. The friendship between Lennie and George is the strongest in the book and they both watch for each other in different ways. George obviously is the smarter one of the two and handles everything that Lennie cannot comprehend, which is most of the day-to-day events. George s faithfulness to Lennie may be due to a huge promise to Lennie s aunt or he really loves Lennie enough to take really good care of him. Detective thriller EssayIn return for George s watchful eye, Lennie provides protection and security to George. Lennie looks up to George, much like a younger brother would look up to a big brother. The relationship between George and Slim, although not as developed as the relationship between Lennie and George, is still important. When George first arrives at the ranch, Slim instantly befriends him and advises him to keep an eye on Lennie. Also when Lennie kills Curley s wife, Slim comforts George and again advises him to find Lennie before Curley catches him. This type of friendship symbolizes a sort of father-son relationship, with the parent watching over the children, or in this case, the new ranch hands. Lennie, George, and Candy together demonstrate another small friendship that mainly falls out of pity for the old man Candy. When Candy hears of George and Lennie s idea to buy a small farm, he jumps right into the planning and financing. This friendship is the kind that develops over time due to common interests and convenience. There are many types of relationships strong and weak ones but most result in the comfort and happiness of the friends. In summary, Of Mice and Men is a powerful story about human relationships that uses Lennie to symbolize pure intent while using the others to demonstrate that many have hidden reasons for their behavior. The murder of Lennie by his best friend in the end and the killing of the dog give proof of the love that friends have for each other. In this case, the love George had for Lennie was enough to put him out of his misery, instead of being tortured and hanged by Curley. Pure trust and love in adult relationships is an ideal that may be the sole domain of the child-like charm of a retarded adult.

Tinbergen’s Four Questions Regarding Orca Behaviour free essay sample

The type of communication used to transmit information is closely related to the animal’s lifestyle and environment. This can be seen in most terrestrial mammals which are nocturnal so use olfactory and auditory which work as well in the dark as they do during the day. Visual communication would be relatively ineffective in this lifestyle. In contrast humans are diurnal and use primarily visual and auditory signals for communication, but miss many chemical cues which many other mammals base their behaviour upon. Marine mammals often need to communicate great distances, and the water does not support visual cues over great distance. This is why whales and dolphins use primarily auditory signals. Auditory signals can travel great distances and travel four and a half times faster in water than in air (Ford, 1984). Killer whales or Orca (Orcinus orca) are very social dolphins and live in pods often consisting of family members from between four up to fifty for residential whales while transient pods normally are only between two and five animals (Ford, 1989). We will write a custom essay sample on Tinbergen’s Four Questions Regarding Orca Behaviour or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These pods communicate with each other by use of echolocation clicks, tonal whistles and pulsed calls (Deecke et al. , 2000). The three main noises have very different uses from each other. Clicks can either be produced as a single click or produced in rapid succession. Single clicks are generally used for navigation and collection of clicks and whistles are thought to be used for communication amongst members of the pod. Pulses are believed, with the assistance of single clicks, to be the method used by orcas to distinguish objects and discriminate prey (Barrett-Lennard et al. 1996). Residential orcas feed on fish, and can be frequently heard communicating with the clicks, whistles and calls because the fish have very poor hearing abilities (Wilson, 2002). The vocal behaviour of transient killer whales is quite different with the vocal communication consisting of occasional clicks and pulses (Deecke et al. , 2000). The only occasion where transient orcas display significant amounts of vocal activity is when they are active on the surface or recently after a kill. The reasons for this reduction of noise could be due to many factors which can be seen in other species interactions and behaviour. Using ‘Tinbergen’s four questions’, I will explain what necessity for this behaviour and what the origins of the silent behaviour may have been. Tinbergen’s Four Questions In 1963 Nikolaas Tinbergen published a paper â€Å"On aims and methods of ethology†. In this paper he discussed how he believed any question regarding animal behaviour should be broken down into four different questions. These four questions could be divided into two categories, evolutionary (ultimate) explanations and proximate explanations. The evolutionary explanations, which refer to the population, include evolution or phylogenetic determinants and survival value or adaptive significance. The phylogenetic determinants refer to all evolutionary explanations which are not covered by adaptive significance. These may include random processes including mutation and changes in the environment which could have impacts on the population resulting in a specific behaviour adaptation. The adaptive significance closely follows Charles Darwin’s work on natural selection where it is explained that an animal’s form has been altered to function better in the habitat and resulting in a increase in fitness for the individual. The proximate explanations are focused with dealing in terms of the individual as opposed to the population. The two different individual questions proposed by Tinbergen relate to causation and ontogeny. The causation for a display of behaviour relates to the mechanics of the body and which stimuli provides a cue for the animal to display this behaviour. Included in causation is control of hormones, motor control, central-nervous-system control and the ability to process the information obtained through senses. Ontogeny relates to the development of an individual, from conception til death. This may include a experience or a environmental factor which occurs and changes the behaviour of the animal, including learned behaviour from another individual. Causation ? Figure 1: An illustration of sound generation, propagation and reception in a killer whale. (WhalesB. C. com) The nasopharyngeal anatomy of cetaceans is strongly modified comparing with terrestrial mammals. They have one impair respiratory hole at the top of the head. It is closed near the surface by dense musculocutaneous crimps arranged so, that the salient of one of them enters into the dimple of another. They form a peculiar lock preventing the water from penetrating into respiratory tract. Above the skull around of nose passage there is a system of pneumatic sacs, connected with nose passage (Barrett-Lennard et al. , 1996). In 1964 A. V. Jablokov supposed that sounds could be produced by forcing air through these nasal sacs. Air is forced past a set of finely striated muscular plugs or lips that vibrate or slap against each other as the lips are forced apart by the stream of air and then slapped shut by muscular tension (Ford, 1989). Transient killer whales are often very difficult to track when under water as they are typically silent. Often communicating with each other with just a single click, known as a cryptic click (Deecke et al. , 2000). The only time that the killer whales produce large amounts of vocal activity was when milling about on the surface or after killing a marine mammal. Transients have been found to only use four to six discrete calls which are not shared with the resident pods (Deecke et al. , 2004). Ontogeny Like other aspects of learning in mammalian society, I hypothesise that the newborn calves will be taught the ability for vocalisation by its parent or other pod members. There have been many studies on killer whale vocalisations in different parts of the world including Canada (Ford, 1984), Alaska (Yurk et al. 2002) and Norway (Matkin, 1988). Each study showed that every pod has its own distinctive repertoire of discrete calls, often this phenomenon is referred to as vocal dialects. The differences in vocal repertoires can be the result of geographic isolation and when this occurs it is not dialects that are being represented but â€Å"geographic variations of vocal repertoire† (Ford, 1984 ). The use of repetitive calls and the specific number and type of discrete calls are what are used to classify and compare dialects. Pods often produce between seven and seventeen different types of discrete calls. Some pods share calls and are grouped together as a acoustic clan (Baird et al. , 1988). Different clans might represent different independent maternal lineages, which have persisted for many generations, developing their independent call traditions. Dialects are probably the means by which pod cohesiveness and identity are maintained. Newborn calls manage to produce calls very comparable to their mothers, but the repertoire is very limited. With the arrival of a new calf to the pod, the calls of the pod and particularly the matriarch increase, especially the frequency of pod-specific calls (Ford, 1989). This is widely regarded as the method to which newborns learn the pods dialect. The majority of the learning done by the newborn is a process of imitation and trial and error. The calf does not always learn communication from a parent. In captivity a young whale was observed to have learned the calls of its tank mate, even though it had no relatedness. Survival Value I hypothesise that the because the mammalian predators can hear well under water is the reason why the transient killer whales adopt significantly reduced communication during periods of foraging. Acoustic communication can have great benefits such as organising groups for attacks and avoiding predation. As with all behaviour traits there is a trade off. There is a direct cost of energy required to producing the sounds and along with this is the loss of energy from lack of feeding during times of communicating. There is also a indirect cost, especially for transient killer whales, which pass information on to eavesdroppers. Eavesdroppers may include competitors (Hammond et al. , 2003), predators (Hosken et al. 1994) or for transient killer whales alerting potential prey. Various studies have documented the costs from eavesdropping for prey in the case of predators who utilise echolocation. Bats have been documented preying on frogs performing mating calls by eavesdropping on them (Fenton, 2003). Insects have also been noted as being able to avoid predation from bats by listening to their acoustic projections (Rydell et al. , 1995). Communicative vocalizations are usually not e ssential for prey location unlike echolocation. This is the most likely reason that transient killer whales move in silence or considerably reduced vocal communication while foraging. Evolution I believe that the evolution of marine mammals from a common ancestor hinders the transient killer whales hunting due to the retention of excellent underwater hearing by marine mammals. In Pakistan the discovery of Ambulocetus was remarkable, a three metre long mammal which resembled a crocodile. It is thought to be the transitional fossil starting the mammalian movement towards an aquatic life. By 38 million years ago mammals had fully adapted to a aquatic life with the emergence of Basilosaurus and Dorudon. Although these large marine mammals resembled modern whales and dolphins they lacked the ‘melon organ’ which allows echolocation in their descendants (Ford, et al. , 2000). In the middle of the Oligocene (33 million years ago) a animal called Squalodon is thought to have been the first to use echolocation. With a cranium which was well compressed, and a telescoped rostrum it displayed a skull similar to modern dolphins. A big problem with the hunting marine mammals is that they all have a common ancestor, and all have retained a common lineage of very good hearing. Fish have poor hearing which allows the residential killer whales to freely use communication when hunting. Transient killer whales have been forced to change this behaviour because of their choice of prey including seals, dolphins, porpoises and whales. With all mammals having good underwater hearing they have been required to adopt a reduced vocal communication when searching for prey. Conclusion I believe that the lack of acoustic communication between transient killer whales is due to the ability of their selected prey being able to hear the clicks, whistles and pulses they generate. These sounds can be heard from over seven kilometres away and marine mammals do react to these calls (Deecke et al. , 2002). In the study by Deecke in 2002, he played the sounds of killer whales near a harbour seal colony which resulted in most of the seals displaying strong anti-predator behaviour of leaving the water. This suggests that they are able to clearly hear the calls and understand what is generating them. I believe that other marine mammals will react in a similar way. Guinet (1992) observed the vocal patterns of killer whales around the Crozet Archipelago and came to the same result as Deecke (2004) that the killer whales were silent throughout hunting and searching, but once a mammalian kill was made the pod would greatly increase in vocal activity. While it can be a risk to produce noise after killing a prey, for fear of drawing the attention of other predators or scavengers, killer whales are the apex predator and have no natural predators.

American and Foreign Culture essays

American and Foreign Culture essays The world we live in can be considered as being a complex system of values and traditions, of customs, and national identities. The differences that lie at the basis of each of the worlds civilizations and cultures is what gives our society its sense of individuality but at the same time can be the reason of unpardonable mistakes which can offend the others sense of nationality and of traditional values. From this perspective, it is important to always be aware of the cultural differences and at the same time, of the similarities that parts and keeps us together. We tend to have different perceptions of ideas, of notions and concepts, of beliefs, even of colors and rituals. It is precisely such rifts that give our world the sense of diversity and makes cultural interaction an exciting and at the same time risky affair. Despite the possible difficulties we may come across when we come in contact with a different culture, the experience can prove to be worthy of the struggle and reward ing in terms of the personal experience one is likely to share with the others. The American culture can be viewed as being practically international due to the wide spread of the American symbols, of the impact and influence the American way of life has on the world. It represents for most societies the comparison point for prosperity and well being. However, despite the fact that most of the times the economic aspect tends to dominate the discussions on the way in which the American culture is perceived, there are other symbols as well which in fact define the core nature of the American traditions, customs, and in the end culture. However, these cannot be seen in their broadest expression but through a thorough comparison with another culture. The Japanese cultural environment in this sense is one of the most eloquent examples one can use to underline both the real identity of the American culture, as well as the diversity of the cultural ...

The Netflix Financial Statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Netflix Financial Statement - Essay Example Netflix needs to develop some new business strategies in order to survive in this rapidly changing movie industry. The firm can emerge as a reputable provider of DVDs by maintaining its brand identity and differentiating itself from its competitors present in the market. Meanwhile, the streaming service of Netflix can be considered as a complementary service to the firm’s DVDs rental business in the coming years. Although the movie watching market or the video market is mature the streaming market has not yet fully emerged. This means that Netflix cannot just rely on its strategies of the past but must try developing a hybrid strategy that will help in addressing the future market demands and customer’s expectations. An emerging market offers new companies an easy entry pass. Therefore Netflix must make sure that all of its strategies should be focused on the new and emerging market practices. The differentiation strategy is where the company concentrates all of its efforts in developing a single product and then incorporating unique and different attributes for meeting the needs and addressing the demands of its customers. When a firm adds value and uniqueness to their products for attracting customer, it is likely that the customer will be willing to pay the much higher price for such products and services. Same is the case with Netflix. The firm entered the online business and targeted the online renting of DVDs. This strategy can be achieved by Netflix by using the recently developed or the upcoming marketing technologies which have not been yet incorporated by other companies in their business. Netflix introduced an integrated search engine in its newly launched website enabling the customers to search and access the products of their choice. The management of Netflix must reflect ingenuity and talent while marketing their products by employing the already establishe d and available supply chain technology and infrastructure.

Bank of America or McDonalds Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Bank of America or McDonalds - Case Study Example This is because they help the organization in achieving several objectives. This includes planning and executing functions such as marketing. Talent management program has aided the expansion of the bank in America. This has made the management of the bank tap the best talent from the market. According to Goldsmith & Carter (2010), the bank has been successful because their talent management plan facilitates the training of employees. In the plan, several principles have assisted in devising a comprehensive program for succession at the bank. Goldsmith & Carter (2010,) assert that the implementation of the program led to the growth of the bank. Indeed, the management engaged in consultations prior to designing programs that helped in equipping employees with skills necessary for enhancing growth at the institution. The bank devised a seven-point program that emphasized the importance of leadership at the helm of the organization. According to the plan, the transition of roles happens at the departmental level. This handled leadership dilemmas that led to the fall of competitor banks. The bank survived by recognizing diversity in populations when designing programs that tap talent. The institution believes that success is a combination of stratagem that taps the potential of different employees (Lawler, 2008). The human resource department designed phases for tapping talent into the firm. Initially, they recruited the best from the job market. Thereafter, they collaborated with firms that assisted in designing programs for recruiting the best. The management succeeded in their ventures because they sought advice from professional bodies and reputable recruitment agencies (Lawler, 2008). The selection process ensured that members selected to fit in the organization.

Steps to Writing a Grant Proposal Essay Example for Free

Steps to Writing a Grant Proposal Essay For all organizations funding can be an issue. Depending if the organization is for profit, they depend on loans and revenue to support them, building inventory, and expanding. While non-profits depend on grants and donations to keep their organizations running. The most important with non-profits is writing grant proposals to keep the financial aspects of the organization intact. Human services need to take great care in who is responsible of writing grant proposals for their organization. The important steps that must be followed in writing the grant proposal after finding the appropriate request for proposal or application is to write an abstract for the proposal, which would include a summary of the proposal with the agency name, type, purpose and objectives, interventions, target population, location, and relevance of the proposed program to the funding intentions (Terao Yuen, 2003). The next phase of the proposal would be the table of contents, which is a guide of the contents covered and their location within the proposal. Other important parts of the written proposal should be included within this proposal are the plans, background and significance, and needs and problem statement. Not only are these important they define the needs of the targeted population, demographics, the current state of affairs, and what will be needed to ease the problem. Discussing the barriers to service helps the funders decide if the goals meet their stated goals; these include accessibility, availability, awareness, appropriateness, and acculturation (Terao Yuen, 2003). While it may seem that not all programs have all of these issues, most do in one way or another. Literature review helps to support the proposal request by identifying previous program results, data about the target population, and studies which are related to the issues. Stating who the target population is for a program is very important for consideration by donors; they need to know who will be served, why they are currently underserved, and why they need to be served. Age, race, at-risk status, economic status, gender status, or other urgent needs are all aspects of target populations which should be addressed; as well as others, as appropriate. The approaches and  methods section of the proposal tells the donor how you intend to address the problem as identified in other sections. Showing what your plan is, how you intend to intervene in the existing problem or situation, and how your program is unique to the current solutions which others are using. In effect, it is a summary of how your plan will work to â€Å"fix† the problem which presents itself in the target population. The vision of a program is the ideal of what the situation will become if the mission, goals, and objectives come to be reality. Vision may seem to be a rosy view of what could be; mission, goals, and objectives lay out the plan that the organization will use to get as close to the vision as possible. The activities of intervention or service and the definition of the desired outcome help the reader to understand what your agency intends to do and how they plan on doing it. The next step is closely related to vision, mission, goals, and objectives; the evaluation plan shows the continuous ways that an organization can judge whether it is meeting the needs of the target population. The agency evaluation step is probably one of the most important aspects of a grant proposal; donors want to know how you will measure if your program is successful or failing in its mission. The agency capacity and project management section of the proposal show the previous record of an organization; how well it has measured up on past programs, how well it managed past grants, and recommendations from other donors or people who sit in the public eye. The project management aspects address staffing, their responsibilities, the organizational structure, and how this program is related to past projects. The budget and budget justifications stage of proposal writing shows how the money requested will be spent and why it should be spent the way the detailed budget has projected. Items like the percentage to be spent on general expenses, salaries, staffing, and travel are all important to funders; if the largest percent of administrative salaries exist, the funder may require money be spent on other purposes. The other sources and amounts of funding which have been committed should be disclosed in this section of the proposal. An ending summary which pulls together the plan, the desired outcomes related to mission, goals and objectives, the budgetary definitions, and how all interventions will best serve the clients involved in a situation where urgent or unique need has made the program important. Grant writing is a skill that will be developed  with greater expertise through practice and experiences with funders. Great care should be taken to properly apply for grants related to specific programs and projects; otherwise, future submittals may be discounted because an agency has previously ignored the requirements of Requests for Proposals. Wasting the time of reviewers does not bode well for future applications. Being aware, attentive, and addressing accurately the requirements of those grants which relate to their programs will save the time and energy of grant writers which would be better served by applying for other appropriate grants. Section Two: Santa Rosa Philharmonic Youth Symphony Needs and Problem Statement Students in the Santa Rosa area who attend elementary and middle schools have recently lost opportunities to learn, appreciate, and gain practical knowledge of music due to budget cuts. They must wait to participate in music programs until high school or college; by then many have lost interest unless they have been taught privately. Few families can afford to sponsor private lessons for their children in this area. If there are not extracurricular activities available for students, they will find other avenues to fill their spare time; law enforcement, parents, educators, and social service professionals are concerned that gang activity, drug abuse, loitering, and other negative influences on a young person’s life may increase since there are less planned, positive, growth-related activities. When a survey was taken of community members and leaders, they were concerned that the lack of essential music programs would set students behind others who attend school in districts which still support music and fine arts and another concern is without access to formal music programs, the youth of Santa Rosa will lose their appreciation, enjoyment, and participation in music programs. Since the costs associated with private lessons are beyond the reach of most families, they recommend development of a project which educates students and supports music education, appreciation, and leadership training. There is a program in existence, The Santa Rosa Philharmonic Youth Symphony (SRPYS), which addresses all of these issues. Their mission, goals, and objectives will help to absorb students which have been excluded from musical experiences, but additional funding  will be required to continue and expand the program. While not all students will be talented enough to perform in the major Philharmonic events, some will gain entry to the Symphony proper through auditions which are held each June. Those who are not chosen will still be able to participate in education and appreciation programs; thus, keeping them interested and exposed to different types of music while also aspiring to be accepted to the Symphony through practice and individual learning opportunities. References Terao, K., Terao, K.L. Yuen (2003). Practical Grant Writing and Program Evaluation. Brooks and Cole/Cengage Learning, Florence, KY.

Cystic Fibrosis Essay examples -- essays research papers

Cystic Fibrosis Cystic Fibrosis is a genetic disease that causes the body’s lungs to generate a different type of mucus than a non-infected body would. The contaminated lungs will produce mucus that is thick and adhesive which clogs the lungs and leads to an unpleasant and abhorrent lung infection. CF also interferes with the pancreas, disallowing the digestive enzymes from breaking down and absorbing food in the intestine. This can result in low nutrition, feeble growth, excessive sweat production, difficulties in breathing, and sometimes lung disease. When producing extra sweat and mucus, the body loses salt. If too much salt is lost, it can cause abnormal heart rhythms, disturbance of minerals in the blood, and perhaps, shock. Children, as well as Adults can also be affected by this disease. Some afflicted infants usually show symptoms of the disease in its early life stages. Yet, others may experience the horrid and hazardous conditions later in life. The types of infections range differe ntly between each person. There are more than a thousand mutations of the CF gene.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Considering that Cystic Fibrosis is a genetic disorder, it can only be inherited by an individuals DNA. The only possible way to transmit the mutation to the offspring is if both parents are either carriers or already infected by the disease. Once two carriers produce an offspring, there is a twenty-five percent chance that their child will have Cystic Fibrosis; a fifty perce...

McCain Foods Essay

McCain Foods is a Canadian company that produces potatoes and provided all sorts of fries to their customers all over the world. McCain Foods Company is a well-known potato producer. McCain also competes with public companies such as Kraft Foods, Aviko and ConAgra Foods which have a clear advantage in terms of raising capital because they are also producing potatoes as their main product. Private ownership puts the company at a competitive disadvantage. Even so McCain Foods Company tries to inform their customers by doing campaigns and promotion by giving points and free deliveries. Consumer food expenditure on ready-to-eat foods continues to rise due to the success of new dining concepts, and changing lifestyle. Demographic factors, such as more families with working women, smaller family sizes in general, and more disposable income coupled with less disposable time has spurred this trend. Since McCain Foods is more focused on business to business they are partnered with few companies that will help them in packaging, in examining their potatoes quality and distribution. Due to the changes in the external environment that impacts McCain Foods Company sale rates, they made changes to improve their potatoes quality to maintain their customers demand. Such us, using the sunflower oil that reduces saturated fats by 70% instead of using regular vegetable oil. This is made because mainly McCain Foods have a strategy to keep a good relationship with their farmers and customers In the Netherlands, McCain Foods Company is located in Lelystad where the corps are grown and distributed. The distribution of McCain Food products are done by road to the other European countries and ships to be distributed to other countries outside the European region. McCain Food Company McCain Foods is a company located in Canada and a privately owned company established in 1957 by four brothers namely Wallace and Harrison McCain, supported by brothers Andrew and Robert. McCain Foods is the world’s largest manufacturer of frozen French fries and potato specialties. McCain foods also perform in helping the environment and achieved several Charitable Initiatives such as â€Å"Feeding the hungry and supporting education in South Africa† and â€Å"Supporting sport in the UK for ? 5 million to UK Athletics â€Å". McCain Foods is the largest French fry producer in the world, claiming a global market share of almost 33%. (4) McCain operates globally with over 57 production and manufacturing facilities across six continents. The company’s products are available in thousands of restaurants and supermarket freezers in more than 125 countries around the world. The company has least presence in the developing organic foods segment. Natural and organic food products segment is one of the fastest growing categories in food retailing. The company has not acquired any organic brand companies nor has it launched organic products. Internal environment McCain foods  is an organization that has the motto: â€Å"McCain it’s all good†. Their actions, decisions and behaviors are guided by their values and Code of Conduct. McCain is trying to make their business to be more like a family business. Because some companies are known for the products they make, and some are known for the people who make them while McCain likes to be known for both. Their strategy is to keep a good relationship with the farmers and their customers. As it is shown in Graph (1. 1), McCain Foods makes contracts with their supplier partners and grower partners, even though the number of the supplier partners is greater than the grower partners. They also employed a lot of employees to work in their company. With these big numbers McCain Foods is also trying to maintain their relationship with their employees and partners, because these numbers tells us that McCain more or less is depending on their supplier partners, the farmers, and employees. Same thing goes to the Supplier partners and Employees of McCain Foods. This means that there is a mutualism relationship between McCain, the employees and their partners that will bring a good result.

Understanding Business Organisations - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2442 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Contents Task 1.3 Technology Advisory Group.3 Task 2.4 Project plan..4 Task 3.5 Organisation structure5 Management profile..6 Task 5.7 Organisation targets and objectives..7 Task 6.13 Formal communication.13 Task 7.15 Managing Virtual Teams..15 REFERENCES16 TASK 1 The government has an important role to play in providing easy, low-cost access to information. Numerous studies and reports call for a more coordinated access for businesses to information on markets, industries and regional economies. In this case, most SMEà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s want better information about the local and regional economy to help position their businesses and raise competitiveness. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Understanding Business Organisations" essay for you Create order Therefore, there is an urgent need for these government funded organizations to play the role of considering a more formal mechanism to listen to the needs of businesses, improve access to information and ensure they provide partial electronic services to people and small businesses through Government portals. The stimulation of the SMEà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s by these funded organizations can reduce the level of unemployment and contribute to a more equal distribution of economic powers. The development of the SMEà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s is important for the social and economic development of the country, since they increase competitiveness and mobilize idle funds to productive aims. The business community (the SMEà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s) has unique information needs that need to be addressed with a specifically designed information system integrated in the National Treasury, Kenya Revenue Authority, Home Affairs State Department and Immigration Office. A multi-faceted approach to information provision is necessary because of the variation in needs, literacy and business prospects. Training needs of both the business managers of the SMEà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s and information specialists should be identified and recommended as part of the business information system design. TASK 2 UNIT: Understanding Business Organizations TITLE: Technology Advisory Group Task 3 Organization chart for T.A.G ORGANISATION STRUCTURE The structure adopted is functional organizational structure which will involve organizing the activities of the advisory group around areas of specialization. This approach involves a considerable amount of process standardization within the organization, with the real decision-making authority centered at the top of the organization. EFFICIENCY INTO OPERATION BY THE STRUCTURE the organization will achieve significant efficiencies in terms of process flow and management methods as the staff will be allowed to focus on one s pecific functional area to the exclusion of all else. It is ideal for the organization because it is easier to monitor and update the training of employees when they are focused on narrow functional areas. The organization will also use this approach to cultivate a group of extraordinary specialists who can strongly impact the functions of the company. KEY MANAGEMENT PROFILE Administration and Finance Their role is to provide a general oversight of the operations of the organization.The team will consist of a General Manager, Finance Manager with 1 administrator and ICT Manager with 1 administrator. This team will be responsible for effective planning, delegating, coordinating, staffing, organizing, and decision making to attain desirable profit making results for the organization (Sayles 1979). Marketing and PR Their function is mainly to increase sales for the organization. Assigned here will be the Head of Marketing, two(2) executives inMarketingand two (2) executives i n PR. As the teams begin to work together they need to come up withconcrete and up-to-date plans to maximize profits while creating long-term customers as well as adding value to the product and our services. IT Consultantsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"They play the role of advising businesses on how best to use information technology to meet their business objectives.Two(2) Senior Consultants will be in charge. In addition to delivering advice, four(4) Middle-Level Consultants and four (4) Junior Consultants will oversee the workshops that will look at the technologies that can be underpinned by Superfast Broadband. They will work hand in hand with five(5) IT Trainers, two(2) website administrators and two(2) graphicdesigners to manage, implement, deploy, and administer IT systems of the organization. TASK 5 BUSINESS PLAN FOR T.A.G The intentions of Technology Advisory Group is to offer clients with an all-inclusive assistance through free consultancy and specialist advice on busin ess prospects offered by Superfast Broadband In the form of articles and blogs written by IT specialists.The three year goals for Technology Advisory Group are the following: Achieve break-even by Year 2. Establish along-term contract with the Central Government. Establish a minimum of95% customer satisfaction rate to establish long-term relationships with our clients and create word-of-mouth marketing. T.A.G has established a status for quality work and plans to continue to heighten its image in the trade. The organization endeavors to become a well-known benefactor of IT related guidance to SMBà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s through the following: Increasing service backings by consolidating specialist workshops which will look at the technologies that can be fortified by Superfast Broadband, including Cloud Computing, collaboration and interactive websites. Increasing obtainability and accessibility to present and future customers through a range of pamphlets and case studies that give hands-on insights into the enactment of Superfast Broadband by small businesses Crafting innovative, unique, and cost-effective interpretations to hitches currently met by customers. Technology Advisory Group has established community calendaring and groupware applications for use by the organization. This will support in providing a modest, convenient tool for the organization and staff to consolid ate, plan, track projects and workshops. T.A.G will leverage its profile-raising services to help offer secondary income streams as the organization will inaugurate induction of free email services, business directories, and other related services which will entice current and prospective customers to our offices and workshops. These will be used to generate advertising proceeds, as well as increase publicity of our range of services. To generate sales, T.A.G has incorporated the use of direct marketing which will focus on Trade Shows. T.A.G will partake in selected local and national shows that will provide an opportunity to develop exposure. This is a very effective tool in creating responsiveness and stimulating lead activity.And also Contact Campaigns as this initiative will encompass various methods of reaching potential customers to generate interest, followed by direct mail to the potential customer. The organization has a well-articulated human resources strategy wh ich ensures that labor regulations are stringently followed and that all pamphlets relating to labor law are upheld hence confirms that the employees are exceedingly inspired to ensure that they are industrious. T.A.G has articulated human resources scheme that is in line with those that directly deal with intensifying through attainment. Strategies that should be put to ensure that the company achieves further growth Marketing strategy The organization has to put more exertion in having access to the global market. It should put more effort in advertising of its services to other parts of the ecosphere that it has not accessed the market. It should discover probable market such as other African republics. T.A.G should upturn the number of workshops and virtual assistance services and through this; the company will offer its customers with a choice of service to pick from. The organization should guarantee that its branding and packaging are of high standard and should chan ge with customers change in taste and fashion. The company should contemplate using publicizing tools such as S.W.O.T analysis in guaranteeing that it retains its control of limited market and as a means to subsist in an atmosphere that has stiff competition. Information system strategy Technology Advisory Group should deliberate on using more than one software when executing a given assignment. The administration should concoct a way in which the systems are incorporated. This is to warrant that proficiency is upheld and the work done is precise and can also certify that fraud activities are curtailed. Human resources strategy The organization should also upturn the number of university fresh alumni who are undertaking management drills. This is decisive in that it will advance new skills and different concepts from these graduates and this will support the Technology Advisory Group in development. It is persons who make an organization to grow therefore, to ensure that T.A.G has a stout pool of human resources, it should contemplate efficient in training for employees to keep them informed on new skills so that the enterprise can keep pace with other major conglomerate corporations in relations to human resources. Competitive Edge The Technology Advisory Group should emphasis precisely on facilitating small and emergent businesses exploit their potential for accomplishment by distinguishing itself in the following means: Cost-effective personal interaction with IT consultant presence: T.A.G should target new expanses with local consultants, permitting it to personally cooperate with small businesses without needing to bring consultants to the region. A diverse network of consultants and alliance partners: By relying on a nationally circulated talent base harmonized to work together tenuously, the organization should be able to bring together an assortment of skills to encounter the needs of its clients. Positioning Statement The Technology Advisory Group delivers much needed skills and experience to small to medium business initiators to help their businesses embrace the Superfast Broadband. Our services are bespoke specifically to the distinctive needs of small to medium businesses and focuses on up-to-date citations of specialist suppliers of Superfast Broadband and allied services that can advance overall business performance. With a scarcity of available talent plus the usual budget pressure usually associated with small businesses, our services provide a cost-effective substitute to attaining faster communications inorder to advance the ways in which they do business. The Technology Advisory Group will position itself as the prominent marketing and management consulting firm focusing solely on small businesses. Projected Profit and Loss Key expenses will comprise the cost of payroll for the growing staff, marketing to endorse the Superfast Broadband in the community, and the organizations rent and devaluation. The organization will show a revenue in the first year which will continue to propagate. This is anticipated due to the high gross margins of marketing internet broadband to small and medium businesses Annual sales projection Annual sales projection Task 6 Formal communication Communication is the process through which one person conveys information to another person through applicable medium. These are the major communication systems implemented as these terms are used recurrently in organizations. Upward communication Is the process of information travels from lower to higher ranks in the hierarchy.Various mechanisms can be implemented by T.A.G to facilitate upward communication. Examples, Suggestion boxes, group meetings and participating in decision-making. This is maintained to get feedback to managers from employees. Downward communication Is the process of information flowing from superior to subordinate à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" from managers to operating staff.Itis related to the hierarchical structure of the organization as messages seem to get large as they travel downward through successive levels of the organization. Example, annual reports, notices and employee performance feedback. Horizontal communication Flow of messages across functional areas shared among people on the same hierarchical level of an organization. This form of communication facilitates for problem solving, task coordination between departments and project teams. How can intranets and groupware help improve communication? Intranets Organization information can be warehoused centrally and retrieved at any time due to superior internal communications. sharing of resources and best practice as virtual groups can be deliberated to expedite information sharing and collaborative working improved customer service better access to accurate and reliable information by your staff leads to heightened levels of customer service forms can be accessed and completed on the computer, then forwarded as appropriate for approval, without ever having to be printed out, and with the benefit of an audit trail Groupware It facilitates users to post ideas, questions or suggestions on given themes of discussion as it allows users to engage with other members of the group thus enhancing business alliances. It permits users to send messages to other members of the organization and outside of the organization. It ensures that users can retain online calendars viewed by other colleagues to assist with the arranging of meetings and project planning as users are able to identify when members are available or times when they are consumed with other tasks. Task 7 Managing virtual teams Virtual teams are defined as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“affiliated individuals using computer-mediated telecommunications to share information electronicallyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Kirkman, Rosen, Tesluk, Gibson, 2009, p. 54). Challenges posed by virtual teams in managing individual teams Physical Observation Limitations managers are physically limited to observe their employeesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ performance and efforts, and how to implement effective methods for going about measuring productivity, building trust, and managing teams given their particular constraints (Kirkman, Rosen, Gibson,Tesluk, McPherson, 2002). This renders the manager unable to provide constructive performance feedback and harness the full potential of the team. As a result, monitoring and measuring performance remain problematic and sources of concern (Kurkland Bailey, 1999). Overemphasis on Output Evaluation Evaluation of virtual team performance is a challenge when managers directly focus on outcomes rather than process especially when those results prove difficult to measure and observe.Therefore, Managers cannot accuratelyascertain performance due to reduced capability toobserve and monitor the process. Employee Equity and Organizational Justice Issues Virtual team members may feel organizational injustice when compared to those who are present in the actual workplace. Professionally, employees fear that being à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“out of sightà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  infers being à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“out of mindà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  fororganizational rewards thus becomes a significant challenge whenevaluating members of virtual teams against those at the physical office (Kurkland Egan, 1999). Recommendation on how T.A.G will address this challenges Increasing Information Flowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"the virtual team project manager should institute mutual knowledge among team members through team building activities and grant members access to evocative project documentation, which lists acronyms and other project specifics important for team members to understand (Davis Khazanchi, 2007). The à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Balanced Scorecardà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" the virtual team manager should create an all-inclusive balanced scorecard based on T.A.Gà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s priorities when evaluating performance. This may consist of the organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s values in the fields of growth, profitability and customer satisfaction. This enables managers to have a far more transparent understanding of the effectiveness of their virtual team and create more standardized methods of evaluating future virtual team performance. Reference: Boddy, D. (2005). Management: An introduction. 3rd edition.England, Pearson education, Prentice Hall. Campbell, D Craig, T. (2005).Organizations and the business environment.2nd edition.Oxford, UK, Butterworth-Heinemann. Davis, A., Khazanchi, D. (2007). Does mutual knowledge affect virtual team performance? Theoretical analysis and anecdotal evidence. American Journal of Business, 22(2), 57-65. Kirkman, B.L., Rosen, B., Gibson, C.B., Tesluk, P.E., McPherson, S.O. (2002). Five challenges to virtual team success: lessons from sabre, Inc. Academy of Management Executive, 16(3), 67-69. Kurkland, N.B., Bailey, D.E. (1999). Telework: The advantages of working here, there anywhere,and anytime. Organizational Dynamics, 28(2), 53-68. Mullins, L.J. (2010). Management and Organizational behavior.9th edition.England, prentice hall financial times. 1